Godan verb (む)
囲むかこむ
kakomu囲む (かこむ, kakomu) — to surround — is a godan verb ending in む: 囲んで (te-form), 囲んだ (past), 囲まない (negative), 囲みます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to encircle; to enclose.
How 囲む conjugates · godan む-verb
Only the last kana changes: む becomes ま, み, め or も.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
ま囲まないnegative
み囲みますpolite present
む囲むdictionary form
め囲めるpotential囲めばif
も囲もうvolitional
The て and た forms · む → んで, んだ
ん囲んでte-form囲んだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every む-, ぶ- and ぬ-verb has the same んで there.
N2 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.
Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 囲む かこむ kakomu | |
| past I surrounded it. | 囲んだ かこんだ kakonda | |
| negative I don't surround it. | 囲まない かこまない kakomanai | |
| te-form I surround it and … | 囲んで かこんで kakonde | |
| past negative | 囲まなかった かこまなかった kakomanakatta | |
| volitional Let's surround it. | 囲もう かこもう kakomou | |
| potential I can surround it. | 囲める かこめる kakomeru | |
| cond. ば If I surround it, ... | 囲めば かこめば kakomeba | |
| cond. たら When I surround it, ... | 囲んだら かこんだら kakondara | |
| passive N2 It is surrounded. | 囲まれる かこまれる kakomareru | |
| causative N2 | 囲ませる かこませる kakomaseru | |
| imperative N1 Surround them! | 囲め かこめ kakome |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 囲みます かこみます kakomimasu | |
| past I surrounded it. | 囲みました かこみました kakomimashita | |
| negative I don't surround it. | 囲みません かこみません kakomimasen | |
| past negative | 囲みませんでした かこみませんでした kakomimasendeshita | |
| volitional Let's surround it. | 囲みましょう かこみましょう kakomimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている We're surrounding it. | 囲んでいる かこんでいる kakondeiru | |
| ていた We were surrounding it. | 囲んでいた かこんでいた kakondeita | |
| ています We're surrounding it. | 囲んでいます かこんでいます kakondeimasu | |
| ていました We were surrounding it. | 囲んでいました かこんでいました kakondeimashita |