Katsuyo

Godan verb (む)

含むふくむ

fukumu

to contain · N3

含む (ふくむ, fukumu) — to contain — is a godan verb ending in : 含んで (te-form), 含んだ (past), 含まない (negative), 含みます (polite).

It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to comprise; to have.

How 含む conjugates · godan -verb

Only the last kana changes: becomes , , or .

Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.

ないnegative
ますpolite present
dictionary form
potentialif
volitional
The and forms · んで, んだ te-formpast

The and forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every -, - and -verb has the same んで there.

N5 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.

Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.

PLAIN

FormConjugationAudio
present N5 含む ふくむ fukumu
past N5 It contained something. 含んだ ふくんだ fukunda
negative N5 It doesn't include it. 含まない ふくまない fukumanai
te-form N5 It contains something and … 含んで ふくんで fukunde
past negative N4 含まなかった ふくまなかった fukumanakatta
volitional N4 含もう ふくもう fukumou
potential N3 含める ふくめる fukumeru
cond. ば N3 If it includes it, ... 含めば ふくめば fukumeba
cond. たら N3 含んだら ふくんだら fukundara
passive N2 It is included. 含まれる ふくまれる fukumareru
causative N2 I make it contain something. 含ませる ふくませる fukumaseru
imperative N1 含め ふくめ fukume

POLITE

FormConjugationAudio
present N5 含みます ふくみます fukumimasu
past N5 It contained something. 含みました ふくみました fukumimashita
negative N5 It doesn't include it. 含みません ふくみません fukumimasen
past negative N4 含みませんでした ふくみませんでした fukumimasendeshita
volitional N4 含みましょう ふくみましょう fukumimashou

ASPECT

FormConjugationAudio
ている N4 It contains something. 含んでいる ふくんでいる fukundeiru
ていた N4 It included it. 含んでいた ふくんでいた fukundeita
ています N4 It contains something. 含んでいます ふくんでいます fukundeimasu
ていました N4 It included it. 含んでいました ふくんでいました fukundeimashita