Godan verb (ぐ)
継ぐつぐ
tsuguAlso read つぐ: 接ぐ (join), 次ぐ (follow), 注ぐ (pour). All 4 words
継ぐ (つぐ, tsugu) — to succeed — is a godan verb ending in ぐ: 継いで (te-form), 継いだ (past), 継がない (negative), 継ぎます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to inherit; to take over.
How 継ぐ conjugates · godan ぐ-verb
Only the last kana changes: ぐ becomes が, ぎ, げ or ご.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
が継がないnegative
ぎ継ぎますpolite present
ぐ継ぐdictionary form
げ継げるpotential継げばif
ご継ごうvolitional
The て and た forms · ぐ → いで, いだ
い継いでte-form継いだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every く- and ぐ-verb changes the same way there; only 行く is different.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 継ぐ つぐ tsugu | |
| past I took it over. | 継いだ ついだ tsuida | |
| negative I don't take it over. | 継がない つがない tsuganai | |
| te-form I take it over and … | 継いで ついで tsuide | |
| past negative I didn't take it over. | 継がなかった つがなかった tsuganakatta | |
| volitional Let's take it over. | 継ごう つごう tsugou | |
| potential I can take it over. | 継げる つげる tsugeru | |
| cond. ば If I take it over, ... | 継げば つげば tsugeba | |
| cond. たら When I take it over, ... | 継いだら ついだら tsuidara | |
| passive It gets taken over. | 継がれる つがれる tsugareru | |
| causative I make someone take it over. | 継がせる つがせる tsugaseru | |
| imperative Take it over! | 継げ つげ tsuge |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 継ぎます つぎます tsugimasu | |
| past I took it over. | 継ぎました つぎました tsugimashita | |
| negative I don't take it over. | 継ぎません つぎません tsugimasen | |
| past negative I didn't take it over. | 継ぎませんでした つぎませんでした tsugimasendeshita | |
| volitional Let's take it over. | 継ぎましょう つぎましょう tsugimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている I'm taking it over. | 継いでいる ついでいる tsuideiru | |
| ていた I was taking it over. | 継いでいた ついでいた tsuideita | |
| ています I'm taking it over. | 継いでいます ついでいます tsuideimasu | |
| ていました I was taking it over. | 継いでいました ついでいました tsuideimashita |