Godan verb (ぐ)
研ぐとぐ
togu研ぐ (とぐ, togu) — to sharpen — is a godan verb ending in ぐ: 研いで (te-form), 研いだ (past), 研がない (negative), 研ぎます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to hone; to whet.
How 研ぐ conjugates · godan ぐ-verb
Only the last kana changes: ぐ becomes が, ぎ, げ or ご.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
が研がないnegative
ぎ研ぎますpolite present
ぐ研ぐdictionary form
げ研げるpotential研げばif
ご研ごうvolitional
The て and た forms · ぐ → いで, いだ
い研いでte-form研いだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every く- and ぐ-verb changes the same way there; only 行く is different.
N5 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.
Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present N5 | 研ぐ とぐ togu | |
| past N5 I sharpened it. | 研いだ といだ toida | |
| negative N5 I don't sharpen it. | 研がない とがない toganai | |
| te-form N5 I sharpen it and … | 研いで といで toide | |
| past negative N4 | 研がなかった とがなかった toganakatta | |
| volitional N4 Let's sharpen it. | 研ごう とごう togou | |
| potential N3 I can sharpen it. | 研げる とげる togeru | |
| cond. ば N3 If I sharpen it, ... | 研げば とげば togeba | |
| cond. たら N3 When I sharpen it, ... | 研いだら といだら toidara | |
| passive N2 It gets sharpened. | 研がれる とがれる togareru | |
| causative N2 | 研がせる とがせる togaseru | |
| imperative N1 Sharpen it! | 研げ とげ toge |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present N5 | 研ぎます とぎます togimasu | |
| past N5 I sharpened it. | 研ぎました とぎました togimashita | |
| negative N5 I don't sharpen it. | 研ぎません とぎません togimasen | |
| past negative N4 | 研ぎませんでした とぎませんでした togimasendeshita | |
| volitional N4 Let's sharpen it. | 研ぎましょう とぎましょう togimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている N4 I'm sharpening it. | 研いでいる といでいる toideiru | |
| ていた N4 I was sharpening it. | 研いでいた といでいた toideita | |
| ています N4 I'm sharpening it. | 研いでいます といでいます toideimasu | |
| ていました N4 I was sharpening it. | 研いでいました といでいました toideimashita |