Godan verb (ぐ)
凌ぐしのぐ
shinogu凌ぐ (しのぐ, shinogu) — to endure — is a godan verb ending in ぐ: 凌いで (te-form), 凌いだ (past), 凌がない (negative), 凌ぎます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to keep out; to stave off.
How 凌ぐ conjugates · godan ぐ-verb
Only the last kana changes: ぐ becomes が, ぎ, げ or ご.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
が凌がないnegative
ぎ凌ぎますpolite present
ぐ凌ぐdictionary form
げ凌げるpotential凌げばif
ご凌ごうvolitional
The て and た forms · ぐ → いで, いだ
い凌いでte-form凌いだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every く- and ぐ-verb changes the same way there; only 行く is different.
Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 凌ぐ しのぐ shinogu | |
| past I got through it. | 凌いだ しのいだ shinoida | |
| negative | 凌がない しのがない shinoganai | |
| te-form I get through it and … | 凌いで しのいで shinoide | |
| past negative | 凌がなかった しのがなかった shinoganakatta | |
| volitional Let's get through it. | 凌ごう しのごう shinogou | |
| potential I can get through it. | 凌げる しのげる shinogeru | |
| cond. ば If I get through it, ... | 凌げば しのげば shinogeba | |
| cond. たら When I get through it, ... | 凌いだら しのいだら shinoidara | |
| passive | 凌がれる しのがれる shinogareru | |
| causative | 凌がせる しのがせる shinogaseru | |
| imperative Get through it! | 凌げ しのげ shinoge |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 凌ぎます しのぎます shinogimasu | |
| past I got through it. | 凌ぎました しのぎました shinogimashita | |
| negative | 凌ぎません しのぎません shinogimasen | |
| past negative | 凌ぎませんでした しのぎませんでした shinogimasendeshita | |
| volitional Let's get through it. | 凌ぎましょう しのぎましょう shinogimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている I'm getting through it. | 凌いでいる しのいでいる shinoideiru | |
| ていた I was getting through it. | 凌いでいた しのいでいた shinoideita | |
| ています I'm getting through it. | 凌いでいます しのいでいます shinoideimasu | |
| ていました I was getting through it. | 凌いでいました しのいでいました shinoideimashita |