Godan verb (ぐ)
漕ぐこぐ
kogu漕ぐ (こぐ, kogu) — to row — is a godan verb ending in ぐ: こいで (te-form), こいだ (past), こがない (negative), こぎます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It is usually written in kana: こぐ rather than 漕ぐ. It also means to paddle; to scull.
How こぐ conjugates · godan ぐ-verb
Only the last kana changes: ぐ becomes が, ぎ, げ or ご.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
がこがないnegative
ぎこぎますpolite present
ぐこぐdictionary form
げこげるpotentialこげばif
ごこごうvolitional
The て and た forms · ぐ → いで, いだ
いこいでte-formこいだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every く- and ぐ-verb changes the same way there; only 行く is different.
N5 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.
Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present N5 | こぐ 漕ぐ kogu | |
| past N5 I rowed. | こいだ 漕いだ koida | |
| negative N5 I don't row. | こがない 漕がない koganai | |
| te-form N5 I row and … | こいで 漕いで koide | |
| past negative N4 | こがなかった 漕がなかった koganakatta | |
| volitional N4 Let's row. | こごう 漕ごう kogou | |
| potential N3 I can row. | こげる 漕げる kogeru | |
| cond. ば N3 If I row, ... | こげば 漕げば kogeba | |
| cond. たら N3 When I row, ... | こいだら 漕いだら koidara | |
| passive N2 | こがれる 漕がれる kogareru | |
| causative N2 I make someone row. | こがせる 漕がせる kogaseru | |
| imperative N1 Row! | こげ 漕げ koge |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present N5 | こぎます 漕ぎます kogimasu | |
| past N5 I rowed. | こぎました 漕ぎました kogimashita | |
| negative N5 I don't row. | こぎません 漕ぎません kogimasen | |
| past negative N4 | こぎませんでした 漕ぎませんでした kogimasendeshita | |
| volitional N4 Let's row. | こぎましょう 漕ぎましょう kogimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている N4 I'm rowing. | こいでいる 漕いでいる koideiru | |
| ていた N4 I was rowing. | こいでいた 漕いでいた koideita | |
| ています N4 I'm rowing. | こいでいます 漕いでいます koideimasu | |
| ていました N4 I was rowing. | こいでいました 漕いでいました koideimashita |