Godan verb (む)
憎むにくむ
nikumu憎む (にくむ, nikumu) — to hate — is a godan verb ending in む: 憎んで (te-form), 憎んだ (past), 憎まない (negative), 憎みます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object. It also means to detest.
How 憎む conjugates · godan む-verb
Only the last kana changes: む becomes ま, み, め or も.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
ま憎まないnegative
み憎みますpolite present
む憎むdictionary form
め憎めるpotential憎めばif
も憎もうvolitional
The て and た forms · む → んで, んだ
ん憎んでte-form憎んだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every む-, ぶ- and ぬ-verb has the same んで there.
N1 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.
Aa Dimmed forms are too rare in everyday Japanese for the game to quiz.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 憎む にくむ nikumu | |
| past I hated them. | 憎んだ にくんだ nikunda | |
| negative I don't hate anyone. | 憎まない にくまない nikumanai | |
| te-form I hate them and … | 憎んで にくんで nikunde | |
| past negative I didn't hate anyone. | 憎まなかった にくまなかった nikumanakatta | |
| volitional | 憎もう にくもう nikumou | |
| potential I can hate someone. | 憎める にくめる nikumeru | |
| cond. ば If I hate someone, ... | 憎めば にくめば nikumeba | |
| cond. たら When I hate someone, ... | 憎んだら にくんだら nikundara | |
| passive I'm hated by someone. | 憎まれる にくまれる nikumareru | |
| causative I make someone hate it. | 憎ませる にくませる nikumaseru | |
| imperative N1 Hate them! | 憎め にくめ nikume |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 憎みます にくみます nikumimasu | |
| past I hated them. | 憎みました にくみました nikumimashita | |
| negative I don't hate anyone. | 憎みません にくみません nikumimasen | |
| past negative I didn't hate anyone. | 憎みませんでした にくみませんでした nikumimasendeshita | |
| volitional | 憎みましょう にくみましょう nikumimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている I hate them. | 憎んでいる にくんでいる nikundeiru | |
| ていた I used to hate them. | 憎んでいた にくんでいた nikundeita | |
| ています I hate them. | 憎んでいます にくんでいます nikundeimasu | |
| ていました I used to hate them. | 憎んでいました にくんでいました nikundeimashita |