Godan verb (む)
読むよむ
yomu読む (よむ, yomu) — to read — is a godan verb ending in む: 読んで (te-form), 読んだ (past), 読まない (negative), 読みます (polite).
It is transitive: it takes a direct object.
How 読む conjugates · godan む-verb
Only the last kana changes: む becomes ま, み, め or も.
Which one depends on the ending. The five are one line of the hiragana chart — same consonant, vowels あ・い・う・え・お — and everything before that kana never changes.
ま読まないnegative
み読みますpolite present
む読むdictionary form
め読めるpotential読めばif
も読もうvolitional
The て and た forms · む → んで, んだ
ん読んでte-form読んだpast
The て and た forms are the only two that don't follow this pattern. Every む-, ぶ- and ぬ-verb has the same んで there.
N4 N tags give the JLPT level at which the game starts quizzing a form.
PLAIN
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 読む よむ yomu | |
| past I read it. | 読んだ よんだ yonda | |
| negative I don't read it. | 読まない よまない yomanai | |
| te-form I read something and … | 読んで よんで yonde | |
| past negative N4 I didn't read it. | 読まなかった よまなかった yomanakatta | |
| volitional N4 Let's read it. | 読もう よもう yomou | |
| potential N3 I can read it. | 読める よめる yomeru | |
| cond. ば N3 If I read it, ... | 読めば よめば yomeba | |
| cond. たら N3 When I read it, ... | 読んだら よんだら yondara | |
| passive N2 It gets read. | 読まれる よまれる yomareru | |
| causative N2 I make someone read it. | 読ませる よませる yomaseru | |
| imperative N1 Read it! | 読め よめ yome |
POLITE
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| present | 読みます よみます yomimasu | |
| past I read it. | 読みました よみました yomimashita | |
| negative I don't read it. | 読みません よみません yomimasen | |
| past negative N4 I didn't read it. | 読みませんでした よみませんでした yomimasendeshita | |
| volitional N4 Let's read it. | 読みましょう よみましょう yomimashou |
ASPECT
| Form | Conjugation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| ている N4 I'm reading something. | 読んでいる よんでいる yondeiru | |
| ていた N4 I was reading something. | 読んでいた よんでいた yondeita | |
| ています N4 I'm reading something. | 読んでいます よんでいます yondeimasu | |
| ていました N4 I was reading something. | 読んでいました よんでいました yondeimashita |